What is the purpose of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) in laboratory testing?

The purpose of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) in laboratory testing is to amplify DNA segments, making it possible to generate millions of copies from a small initial sample. This is crucial for various applications such as genetic research, forensic analysis, and clinical diagnostics, where detecting minute amounts of DNA can lead to more accurate results. PCR enables researchers to have sufficient quantities of DNA to analyze, facilitating the identification of specific genetic sequences, pathogens, or mutations.

The process involves repeated cycles of denaturation, annealing, and extension, allowing precise targeting and replication of the desired DNA segment. This ability to selectively amplify DNA is what makes PCR an indispensable tool in molecular biology and diagnostic laboratories.