Which method is used to determine lead levels in body fluids and tissues?

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy is the preferred method for determining lead levels in body fluids and tissues due to its sensitivity and accuracy. This technique involves the absorption of light by vaporized atoms. When a sample containing lead is introduced into the instrument, it is subjected to a flame or graphite furnace that atomizes the lead. A specific wavelength of light, characteristic of lead, is then passed through the atomized sample. The amount of light absorbed at this wavelength correlates directly to the concentration of lead present in the sample, allowing for precise quantification.

This method is particularly effective for heavy metals like lead because it can detect very low concentrations, which is crucial in clinical settings where toxic levels can be harmful. Additionally, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy is widely used because it provides reliable results and has become a standard procedure in laboratories for assessing heavy metal exposure.

In comparison, other methods such as Mass Spectrometry, while capable of analyzing various elements, are often more complex and expensive for routine testing. Flame Photometry is limited to specific metal ions and is typically used for elements such as sodium and potassium rather than heavy metals like lead. Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry primarily measures compounds that absorb UV light and is not suitable for detecting heavy metal concentrations. Thus,